Browsing by Author "Rundle, Brian Kelly, 1986-"
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Item Oxytocin administration and emotion-related startle in psychopaths : a yawn and startle study.(2014-11-13) Rundle, Brian Kelly, 1986-; Stanford, Matthew S.Psychopathy is characterized by a general antisocial lifestyle with behaviors including being selfish, manipulative, impulsive, fearless, callous, possibly domineering, and particularly lacking in empathy. Contagious yawning in our species has been strongly linked to empathy. We exposed 133 students, male and female, who completed a self-report Psychopathic Personality Inventory (Revised), to a yawning paradigm intended to induce a reactionary yawn. Further, we exposed males to an emotion-related startle paradigm meant to assess peripheral amygdalar reactivity. We found that those at or above clinical levels of the PPI - R subscale Coldheartedness were significantly less likely to yawn, χ2(1, N = 123) = 7.051, p = .008. Other subscales were not significant. Further, we found that difference scores in peak amplitudes between Negative and Neutral stimuli in the startle paradigm were predictive of frequency of yawning (β =-.383, p =.007). These data suggest that psychopathic traits may be strongly related to the empathic nature of contagious yawning in our species.Item Psychopathy, yawning, and vigilance.(2017-07-24) Rundle, Brian Kelly, 1986-; Patton, Jim Harold, 1948-Psychopathy is characterized by a general antisocial lifestyle with behaviors including being selfish, manipulative, impulsive, fearless, callous, domineering, and particularly lacking in empathy. Contagious yawning in our species has been strongly linked to empathy. One hundred and seventeen students who completed the PPI-R were exposed to a video stimulus of yawns, an in-person yawning stimulus, and a vigilance condition with an in-person yawning stimulus. We found that the vigilance condition extinguished contagious yawning in virtually all participants. We also found that the social-yawning stimulus was not as potent as the video stimulus in evoking yawning. Lastly, we assessed the utility of the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure in this research setting and found that it was not a better measure than the Coldheartedness subscale of the PPI-R in its predictive value of contagious yawning. We provide evidence for a replication of Rundle et al. (2015), a potential negative control for yawning research, and an assessment of an alternative measure to the PPI-R in this research.