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    A comparison of the effects of ursolic acid and L-leucine supplementation on markers of muscle protein synthesis via Akt-mTOR signaling response to resistance exercise.

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    Date
    2014-09-05
    Author
    Church, David D.
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    Abstract
    Resistance exercise (RE) stimulates skeletal muscle protein synthesis (MPS) during post-exercise recovery due to up-regulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway L-leucine supplementation is also known to stimulate MPS by activating mTOR signaling. However, recent research has discovered a natural compound called ursolic acid which also appears to stimulate MPS by activating the mTOR signaling pathway, and has been presumed to occur due to IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) up-regulation. Ursolic acid is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid that is widely found in apple skin and other fruits such as cranberries. The main purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a single dose of ursolic acid or L-leucine supplementation given immediately after resistance exercise on IGF-1 (a serum regulator of MPS) and the subsequent effects of IGF-1 on phosphorylating/activating its receptor (IGF-1R^Tyr1131). Furthermore, the purpose was to also determine the effects on signaling intermediates of MPS contained within the Akt/mTOR pathway (phosphorylated levels of Akt^Thr308, mTOR^Ser2448, p70S6K^Thr389). In a randomized, cross-over design, nine apparently healthy, resistance-trained [regular, consistent resistance training (i.e. thrice weekly) for at least 1 year prior to the onset of the study], men between the ages of 18-30 performed three separate testing sessions of lower-body resistance exercise involving 4 sets of 8-10 repetitions at 75-80% 1-RM on the angled leg press and knee extension exercises. Immediately after each resistance exercise session, participants orally ingested 3 grams (0.043 g/kg equivalent) of cellulose placebo (PLC), L-leucine (LEU), or ursolic acid (UA). A venous blood sample was obtained before, and 0.5, 2, and 6 hr post-exercise, whereas a vastus lateralis muscle biopsy was obtained before and 2 and 6 hr post-exercise. Each testing session was separated by 7 days to allow full recovery between sessions. Statistical analyses were performed utilizing separate two-way ANOVA for each criterion variable employing a probability level of ≤ 0.05. Using ELISA, no significant differences were observed among the three supplements for serum IGF-1 (p> 0.05). Also using ELISA, for skeletal muscle phosphoproteins, no significant differences existed among the three supplements for phosphorylated IGF-1R, Akt, and p70S6K (p> 0.05). However, the LEU supplement significantly increased phosphorylated mTOR compared to UA and PLC (p= 0.001). At the 3 g dose provided, ursolic acid was unable to increase IGF-1R signaling and, unlike L-leucine, ursolic acid had no positive effect on mTOR signaling activity. Therefore, ursolic acid appears to have no effect on mTOR activity when ingested immediately following resistance exercise.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/2104/9152
    Department
    Health, Human Performance and Recreation.
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    Copyright © Baylor® University All rights reserved. Legal Disclosures.
    Baylor University Waco, Texas 76798 1-800-BAYLOR-U
    Baylor University Libraries | One Bear Place #97148 | Waco, TX 76798-7148 | 254.710.2112 | Contact: libraryquestions@baylor.edu
    If you find any errors in content, please contact librarywebmaster@baylor.edu
    DSpace software copyright © 2002-2016  DuraSpace
    Contact Us | Send Feedback
    TDL
    Theme by 
    Atmire NV