Towards an understanding of pharmaceutical exposure and bioaccumulation in effluent-dependent systems.

Du, Bowen.

Towards an understanding of pharmaceutical exposure and bioaccumulation in effluent-dependent systems.

dc.contributor.advisor	Brooks, Bryan W.
dc.contributor.advisor	Chambliss, C. Kevin.
dc.contributor.author	Du, Bowen.
dc.contributor.department	Ecological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences.	en_US
dc.contributor.other	German Environmental Specimen Bank	en_US
dc.contributor.other	TCEQ	en_US
dc.contributor.other	Snyderville Basin Water Reclamation District	en_US
dc.contributor.other	Carollo Engineers	en_US
dc.contributor.other	City of Waco	en_US
dc.contributor.other	CRASR at Baylor	en_US
dc.contributor.other	Baylor Stable Isotope Lab	en_US
dc.contributor.other	U.S. EPA	en_US
dc.contributor.other	SETAC NA	en_US
dc.contributor.other	USDA	en_US
dc.contributor.schools	Baylor University. Institute of Ecological, Earth and Environmental Sciences.	en_US
dc.date.accessioned	2014-09-05T13:28:28Z
dc.date.available	2014-09-05T13:28:28Z
dc.date.copyright	2014-08
dc.date.issued	2014-09-05
dc.description.abstract	Environmental risks of pharmaceuticals and other contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are not well understood due to relatively limited information on fate, transport, exposure, bioaccumulation and effects. The objective of this research was to improve understanding of the relationships among CEC accumulation in aquatic organisms through developing robust analytical methods and studying exposure and bioaccumulation. In chapter 2, an isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was successfully developed and applied to identify 15 pharmaceuticals and 2 pharmaceutically-active metabolites in fish tissues. The method was successfully applied to trout samples collected from different river locations in Utah, USA. In chapter 3, occurrence, removal and discharge of selected CECs were compared between municipal and on-site treatment systems receiving a common wastewater influent. Such a unique study design was conducted at the Baylor Wastewater Research Program site at the Waco Municipal Area Sewerage System, Waco, Texas, USA. This novel comparative examination of centralized and decentralized effluent quality also employed a fish plasma model approach to estimate the therapeutic hazards of pharmaceuticals in each effluent discharge. Within investigated treatment systems, the septic system consistently possessed the lowest water quality and therapeutic hazards. Coupling a constructed subsurface wetland may lower ecological risks associated with effluent discharge from septic systems. Occurrence and bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals and other CECs were then examined in a common snail (Planorbid sp.) grazer and periphyton from the North Bosque River in central Texas, USA, during a historic drought when stream flow was effluent-dependent. Limited observations of pharmaceuticals in periphyton compared to water and snail samples suggested that water exposure represented the primary route of pharmaceutical exposure to Planorbid sp. in the North Bosque River. In chapter 5, a fish plasma model, initially developed from laboratory studies and applied in chapter 3 to assess effluent quality, was tested to examine observed versus predicted internal doses of select pharmaceuticals in the North Bosque River. In addition, characterization of trophic transfer for select pharmaceuticals suggested that uptake of ionizable pharmaceuticals by aquatic organisms in this effluent-dependent wadeable stream more likely resulted from inhalation than dietary exposure.	en_US
dc.description.degree	Ph.D.	en_US
dc.identifier.citation	Du, B., Perez-Hurtado, P., Brooks, B. W., Chambliss, C. K. "Evaluation of an isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for pharmaceuticals in fish." Journal of chromatography A 1253 (2012): 177-183.	en_US
dc.identifier.citation	Du, B., Price, A. E., Scott, W. C., Kristofco, L. A., Ramirez, A. J., Chambliss, C. K., Yelderman, J. C., Brooks, B. W. "Comparison of contaminants of emerging concern removal, discharge and water quality hazards among centralized and on-site wastewater treatment systems receiving common wastewater influent." Science of the total environment 466-467 (2014): 976-984.	en_US
dc.identifier.citation	Du, B., Haddad, S. P., Luek, A., Scott, W. C., Saari, G. N., Kristofco, L. A., Connors, K. A., Rash, C., Rasmussen, J. B., Chambliss, C. K., Brooks, B. W. "Bioaccumulation and trophic dilution of human pharmaceuticals across trophic levels of an effluent-dependent wadeable stream." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B : biological sciences (2014, in press).	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/2104/9151
dc.language.iso	en_US	en_US
dc.publisher		en
dc.rights	Baylor University theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. Contact librarywebmaster@baylor.edu for inquiries about permission.	en_US
dc.rights.accessrights	Worldwide access.	en_US
dc.rights.accessrights	Access changed 1/27/17.
dc.subject	Contaminants of emerging concern.	en_US
dc.subject	Pharmaceuticals.	en_US
dc.subject	Bioaccumulation.	en_US
dc.subject	LC-MS/MS.	en_US
dc.subject	Isotope dilution.	en_US
dc.subject	Decentralized wastewater treatment.	en_US
dc.subject	Water quality.	en_US
dc.subject	Wastewater indicators.	en_US
dc.subject	Effluent.	en_US
dc.subject	Trophic transfer.	en_US
dc.subject	Aquatic food webs.	en_US
dc.subject	Urban ecosystem.	en_US
dc.title	Towards an understanding of pharmaceutical exposure and bioaccumulation in effluent-dependent systems.	en_US
dc.type	Thesis	en_US