While engaging in physical activity is important for the general population due to its documented health benefits (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011), it is especially beneficial to patients on dialysis. Dialysis patients suffer an excessive burden of chronic conditions including hypertension, coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, and depression, all of which provide conditions and symptoms that can be improved with physical activity (Johansen, 2008). However, individuals with renal disease have been shown to be less physically active than individuals in a sample of sedentary healthy people (Johansen et al., 2000). The social cognitive theory (SCT) has been applied to various populations to understand physical activity behaviors in both healthy (Ince, 2008; Netz & Raviv, 2004; Petosa, Hortz, Cardina, & Suminski, 2004) and unhealthy populations (Basen-Enquist et al., 2010; Plotnikoff et al., 2008; Schwarzer, Luszczynska, Ziegelmann, Scholz, & Lippke, 2008). The purpose of this study is to use constructs of the SCT to better understand physical activity behaviors among patients on dialysis.