Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation
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Browsing Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation by Author "Bowden, Rodney G., 1966-"
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Item Effects of eight weeks of curcumin and Boswellia serrata supplementation on plasma markers of inflammation and antioxidant activity in chronic kidney disease patients.(2010-10-08T16:24:04Z) Moreillon, Jennifer Josephine.; Bowden, Rodney G., 1966-; Cooke, Matthew B.; Health, Human Performance and Recreation.; Baylor University. Dept. of Health, Human Performance and Recreation.The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 8 weeks of curcumin and Bowellia serrata supplementation on changes in systemic inflammation and antioxidant activity in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Sixteen CKD patients (56.0 ± 16.0 years, 171.4 ± 11.9 cm, 99.3 ± 20.2 kg) were randomized in a double blind fashion to ingest a daily supplement composed of 1340 mg of curcumin and Boswellia serrata (824 mg purified turmeric extract, 95% curcuminoids and 516 mg Boswellia serrata extract, 10% 3-acetyl-11-keto-beta-Boswellic acid) or 1340 mg of a roasted rice powder placebo. Patients provided fasting blood samples pre- and post-supplementation in order to assess changes in systemic inflammation and antioxidant activity. A 2 x 2 repeated measures MANCOVA with a probability level of 0.05 was used for the statistical analysis. No significant changes (p > 0.05) were observed for the indicators of inflammation, represented by plasma interleukin-6 and plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha, as well as the indicator of antioxidant activity represented by plasma glutathione peroxidase. It appears that 8 weeks of curcumin and Boswellia serrata supplementation does not affect inflammation levels and antioxidant activity in CKD patients. More research is needed to determine the impact that curcumin and Boswellia serrata supplementation have on changes in inflammation and antioxidant activity in diseased populations.Item The effects of fish oil supplementation on inflammation markers in chronic kidney disease patients.(2011-01-05T19:37:39Z) Deike, Erika.; Bowden, Rodney G., 1966-; Cooke, Matthew B.; Health, Human Performance and Recreation.; Baylor University. Dept. of Health, Human Performance and Recreation.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the daily consumption of fish oil, containing 2.4g of n-3 fatty acids (1400 mg Eicosapentaenoic acid + 1000 mg Docosahexaenoic acid), on pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α for 8 weeks in CKD patients, stages 2-5. One prevalent characteristic of all stages of CKD is excessive production of these pro-inflammatory cytokines. Fish oil supplementation has been claimed to lower the levels of these pro-inflammatory cytokines, and as a result decrease the severity of inflammatory diseases. The benefits of fish oil supplementation for an extensive range of populations and a variety of health concerns are apparent, yet the anti-inflammatory benefits for stages 2-5 CKD patients are not as well documented. Consequently, continued studies in this area are clearly needed. Thirty-one individuals completed the current study, with 17 subjects in the fish oil group, while 14 subjects were included in the comparison group (safflower oil). Separate Repeated Measures ANOVAs were used to measure changes in the primary outcome variables using a 2 (fish oil or safflower oil) x 2 (time points) design. Significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. The results of this study showed that fish oil supplementation does not decrease plasma pro-inflammatory markers TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in CKD patients, stages 2-5. The analysis of TNF-α levels revealed no significant difference across time (p = 0.92) or between groups (p = 0.94). However, there was a group by time interaction, (p = 0.03). The analysis between IL-6 levels and treatment resulted in no significant difference across time (p = 0.30), between groups (p = 0.15), nor was there a significant group by time interaction with the trends across time differing by group membership (p = 0.82). Finally, the analysis between treatment and IL-1β resulted in no significant difference in IL-1β levels across time (p = 0.17), between groups (p = 0.26) nor treatment-by-time interaction either (p = 0.44). The supplementation of fish oil was not found to decrease markers of inflammation, but did demonstrate that a short-term administration of fish oil is well-tolerated by CKD patients, stages 2-5. But, further investigation is essential to better define the long-term impact of fish oil supplementation in this high-risk population.Item The effects of lowering uric acid levels using allopurinol on components of Metabolic Syndrome.(2011-05-12T15:36:27Z) Heimbach, Esther J.; Bowden, Rodney G., 1966-; Health, Human Performance and Recreation.; Baylor University. Dept. of Health, Human Performance and Recreation.Purpose: To determine the relationship between uric acid and lipid levels for the purpose of understanding more about the public health issue of Metabolic Syndrome. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using 66 patients from a family health clinic who were over the age of 18 and who had been given at least three prescriptions of allopurinol. Repeated measures linear growth models with Restricted Maximum Likelihood tests were conducted to determine the relationship of uric acid and the lipid levels. Results: A significant relationship between uric acid and lipid levels was not determined. There was a slight indication of a relationship between uric acid and total cholesterol or HDL-cholesterol. Uric acid levels did not decrease over time for all participants as expected. Conclusions: More research is needed to explore the relationship between uric acid and lipid levels. Furthermore, compliance among participants could be enhanced by determining best health education methods.Item Macro-level modifiable variables affecting breastfeeding rates.(2012-08-08) Stroope, Jessica L.; Bowden, Rodney G., 1966-; Health, Human Performance and Recreation.; Baylor University. Dept. of Health, Human Performance and Recreation.The World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommend 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding followed by at least six additional months of complementary feedings. Current rates in the United States are well below recommended levels. This thesis reviews the literature surrounding modifiable macro-level variables affecting breastfeeding rates, using the Ecological Model of Health Promotion as a theoretical framework. Major recommendations include initiating paid maternity leave at the national level, restricting formula marketing practices, and making hospital breastfeeding rates publicly available.Item Metabolic health, obesity, and chronic kidney disease : findings from the national health and nutrition examination surveys.(2021-07-28) Adair, Kathleen E., 1993-; Bowden, Rodney G., 1966-Rising rates of metabolic syndrome, obesity, and death from chronic kidney disease (CKD) have prompted further investigation into the association between metabolic syndrome and CKD. The purpose of this study was to report the frequency of metabolic phenotypes, constellations, and clusters as well as their relationship to renal function in a representative sample of individuals in the United States. We utilized a subsample from the 2013-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) and complex survey sample weighting techniques to represent non-institutionalized US civilians. Four metabolic phenotypes were identified including metabolically healthy normal weight (MHN), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUN), and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). Renal function as measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was compared among the phenotypes. Sixteen possible constellations of 3 or more risk factors were classified and four metabolic clusters, which represented MetS with hyperglycemia (Cluster I), MetS with hypertension (Cluster II), MetS with hyperglycemia and hypertension (Cluster III) or MetS with normoglycemia and normotension (Cluster IV), were assessed for renal function and CKD status. The metabolically healthy normal (MUN) phenotype was most frequent in the subsample taken (38.40%). Renal function was lowest in this phenotype in the regression analysis (B= -9.60, p<0.001) and highest in the MHO (B= 2.50, p>0.05) and this persisted with more liberal definitions of metabolic syndrome. Systolic blood pressure had the strongest correlation with overall eGFR (r= -0.25, p<0.001) and individuals with low HDL had higher renal function compared to the overall sample. The constellation with the lowest renal function consisted of hypertension, high triglycerides, and large waist circumference (82.86 ml/min/1.73m2). Cluster III had the highest odds of CKD (OR=2.57, 95%CL=1.79, 3.68) and Clusters II and III had the lowest renal function (87.82 and 87.28 ml/min/1.73m2, respectively). In conclusion, the metabolically unhealthy phenotypes had the lowest renal function regardless of weight status. Metabolic constellations and clusters with hypertension as a risk factor had low renal function. HDL had a small negative correlation with renal function, indicating that more research should be done in this area.Item Nurse perceptions of breastfeeding promotion in the hospital setting.(2013-09-16) Cunningham, Emilie Marie, 1973-; Bowden, Rodney G., 1966-; Health, Human Performance and Recreation.; Baylor University. Dept. of Health, Human Performance and Recreation.As the benefits of breastfeeding are becoming more established, the importance of its promotion is gaining significance. In response, the World Health Organization created the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding as a guide for hospital practices. The purpose of this thesis was to identify nurse perceptions of the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding at the onset of their implementation. Six nurses participated in a focus group, and 22 nurses completed an online questionnaire, totaling 28 participants. Both methodologies used the same qualitative data collection instrument. The results were transcribed, consolidated, and coded using Nvivo software. Three predominant themes emerged from the data analysis – concerns with staffing, variations in parental understanding, and postpartum issues. The responses indicated that the nursing staff was generally supportive of the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding, but often lacked the tools or knowledge to execute the steps.