Hankamer School of Business

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A diﬀerences-in-diﬀerences approach to the UPP policy and crime displacement in the city neighborhoods and metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro.
(2020-04-27) Rodrigues, Hugo S., 1988-; Cunningham, Scott, 1975-
This thesis uses differences-in-differences causal inference method to study the impact of the UPP policy in the surrounding neighborhoods of the city of Rio and also the spillover effects potentially caused by it. Five types of crimes were taken into account: Violent death, rape, robbery, drug related and death caused by police intervention, each of them with a certain degree of relationship with the "drug trading cycle" Rio suffers. The model reveals statistically significant results for all types of crime, with the exception of rape, potentially revealing how UPP in fact only swept crime to other cities and the reduction of it perceived along the years was a general trend. An event study using leads was also used to increase robustness of the research, showing parallel trends assumption cannot be discarded for UPP regions.
A dynamic approach to examine the growth trajectory of e-participation factors.
(2021-08-05) Nash, Kyle, 1980-; Wakefield, Robin L.
This research explores key factors that drive e-participation growth among 147 nation-states over seven years (2014-2020). While the literature utilizing information and communication technologies (ICT) to advance e-participation research has proliferated in recent years, these studies generally do not clarify how e-participation growth occurs and how it is sustained. The current study develops an e-participation model based on Stigmergy Theory to identify core factors that drive e-participation. Then, Latent Growth Curve Modeling (LGM) is used to examine differences in countries’ growth trajectories over time. This study contributes to understanding the factors that expand and sustain e-participation to reduce developing countries' learning curves.
A multi-level analysis of the spread of COVID-19.
(2021-04-23) Hickok, Bennet E., 1993-; West, James E., 1965-
This paper uses extensions of the traditional methods for evaluating panel data to evaluate the effect of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPI) on the spread of COVID-19. I utilize data from weather conditions, policy interventions, past outcomes, and political landscapes at the county level. These components allow me to navigate confounding issues with traditional models such as heterogeneity, endogeneity, and measurement error. The results of this model support the efficacy of policy interventions. I also find that poor weather conditions contribute to the spread of the disease, which indicates that the disease spreads less effectively outdoors. Finally, I find that the share of GOP voters in the previous election is positively associated with the spread of the disease. The ability to combine time variant and invariant components with minimal assumption, makes this model a helpful foundation for further research.
A reassesment of minimum wage impacts with pooled synthetic control.
(2018-04-30) Martin, Walker, 1993-; Cunningham, Scott, 1975-
I analyze state minimum wage increases with pooled synthetic control. State minimum wages are deferentially binding depending on the level of the federal minimum wage. These results are consistent with but more robust than those of ordinary least squares regression and the existing literature. My results are consistent across both unemployment and employment and are robust to variations in model specification. I find that the minimum wage increases unemployment by 0.86% four years after the minimum wage is raised in a state and this effect is similar in following years.
A social networks framework to study the influence of language on international trade in services.
(2021-04-23) Bikoi, Barthelemy Pierre Njiki, 1995-; Pham, Van Hoang.
Social network theory has been overlooked as a tool to examine relationships in economics whereas all economic interactions create networks, some more complex than others. Specifically, attempts to estimate drivers of bilateral trade fall in this category. A significant number of studies explaining trade focus on the gravity model and estimate varieties of transformations. The literature widely measures the effect of language in gravity models using a dummy variable indicating the presence of common language between trading countries, and recently developed measures of linguistic distance. However, there has not been an attempt to estimate the effect of language as a factor that connects countries and allows one country to influence other countries in the network. This thesis constructs a network of countries whose interconnections are the similarities of the languages of the countries. I first estimate the linear effects of eigenvector centrality on per capita income, and then on exports. The results reveal that there is a positive relationship between linguistic influence and exports.
Acceptance of anthropomorphic technology.
(August 2022) Cornelius, Samia, 1988-; Leidner, D. E. (Dorothy E.)
Just as the way a person looks and/or behaves affects human-to-human interaction, it may also affect the interaction of humans with avatars, digital characters, and computer interfaces. Anthropomorphic technology is technology that looks or behaves like human beings and is increasingly playing an important role in human-to-computer interactional processes. Extant research informs user responses of familiarity and acceptance to anthropomorphic technology, but also withdrawal from and rejection of anthropomorphic technology due to the presence of the uncanny valley, threat to the human distinctiveness, or the undermining of traditional expectations from machines. Integration on the topic is sparse, and with advancements in natural face technology and artificial intelligence, the extent of “human-likeness” continues to change and evolve. Moreover, with anthropomorphic technology becoming mainstream, user preferences continue to alter. To help resolve some of the ambiguity surrounding anthropomorphic design and add updated knowledge to the current body of research, this dissertation presents an organizing and assessing review to integrate extant literature studying anthropomorphic technology and present a research agenda. It then conducts three online experiments to assess user perceptions of the credibility and persuasiveness of virtual influencers. Virtual influencers are computer-generated images that project advanced levels of visual realism and are prevalent in the digital environment. In the papers presented, we test extant theoretical perspectives and challenge the increasing investments in anthropomorphic visual design. We present a case for the development of less human-like digital characters for better utility and acceptance, especially in the case of persuasion.
Advancing research on hybrid organizations : insights from the management practices of a large firm diversified into multiple digitally enabled businesses.
(2016-11-16) Zhang, Sixuan, 1985-; Leidner, D. E. (Dorothy E.)
The advances in information technology have dramatically augmented the reach, flexibility, and agility of modern enterprises. In the past years, many large companies rapidly expanded their business scopes and spanned their organizational boundaries, diversifying into various digitally enabled businesses. These firms may achieve organizational innovations and business opportunities through the integration of digital products and services in different fields. We argue that this new form of organizations be the next breed of organizations and their integration efforts pose certain intraorganizational level “organizing” challenges that have not yet covered sufficiently in the literature: How to design organizational activities, structures, and processes to support such integration. This dissertation adopts the hybrid organizing perspective to explore the intraorganizational level mechanisms that explain how large firms diversified into multiple digitally enabled businesses achieve integration. To do so, a case study of LeEco, an internet and technology giant in China, is conducted. This dissertation makes two important contributions. First, this dissertation advances understanding of hybrids by demonstrating how hybrids embedded in a more complex pluralistic institutional environment achieve integration at the intraorganizational level. It also contributes to knowledge of hybrids by identifying the generative aspects of the combination of multiple elements. Second, utilizing hybrid organizing as a sensitizing device to unearth the intraorganizational level mechanisms that explain how a big firm diversified into multiple digitally enabled businesses achieve integration at the intraorganizational level, this dissertation contributes back to hybrid organizing by identifying several internal links between the four internal-oriented dimensions of hybrid organizing.
All for one and one for all: A mechanism through which broad-based employee stock ownership and employee-perceived involvement practice create a productive workforce
(Wiley Online Library, 2019-02-27) Kim, Andrea; Han, Kyongji
Drawing on social identity theory, this research frames a multimediational model that delineates how broad-based employee stock ownership (BESO) and employee-perceived involvement practice in tandem yield a productive workforce at the organization level. In our theoretical model, we propose that social cohesion and voluntary turnover are collective attitudinal and behavioral outcomes resulting from the shared perception of we-ness that employees experience through both participatory practices. Our path analysis of a multisource, time-lagged dataset from 176 large U.S. companies revealed the sequential mediating roles of social cohesion and voluntary turnover between these organizational practices and labor productivity. Our theoretical claims and empirical evidence will contribute to a systematic understanding of how and why BESO and employee involvement leverage greater organizational productivity from employees.
All you need is … resources: The effects of justice and support on burnout and turnover
(SAGE Journals, 2013-02-04) Campbell, Nathanael S.; Perry, Sara J.; Maertz, Carl P. Jr; Allen, David G.; Griffeth, Rodger W.
We propose and test a comprehensive model of burnout, as influenced by justice and support, and as it impacts the turnover process. Deriving our conceptual model from conservation of resources theory, augmented by several domain-specific theories, we investigate three forms of justice (distributive, procedural, and interactional justice) and two sources of support (from organizations and supervisors) as they influence the development of three dimensions of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and diminished accomplishment) and subsequent forms of attitudinal withdrawal (organizational commitment and turnover intentions) and behavioral withdrawal (turnover). In a study of 343 social workers, our theoretical path model was well-supported, providing increased understanding of the distinct roles of each form of justice and support in the development of burnout and the subsequent turnover process. Theoretical contributions and implications in the areas of justice, burnout, and turnover are discussed.
An assessment of methods in "Assessing the impact of the size and scope of government on human well-being."
(2016-07-01) Barnes, Alyssa M., 1994-; West, James E., 1965-
This thesis applies statistical methods used by economists to a recent paper in the political science literature. As a basis for suggesting more robust methods to be employed in future research, I will replicate and extend the analysis of Assessing the Impact of the Size and Scope of Government on Human Well-Being, which tests the impact of four measures of government intervention on citizen life satisfaction (Flavin et al, 2014). Despite my suggested method changes, my results do not differ substantially from those in Size of Government on Well-Being in sign and significance, with the exception that I no longer find a relationship between welfare spending and satisfaction. I conclude that further research should be done on the effect of more specific government policies on satisfaction, with the use of the more robust methods described in this paper.
The angry implications of work-to-family conflict: Examining effects of leadership on an emotion-based model of deviance
(Elsevier, 2018-10) Morgan, Whitney B.; Perry, Sara J.; Wang, Yingchun
Drawing upon Affective Events Theory (AET), we propose a model of work interfering with family (WIF, a form of work-family conflict), work-to-family resentment, and organizational deviance with consideration of the leader's use of transformational and transactional leadership styles as a contextual moderator of an employee's emotional and behavioral responses. Owner and employee data were collected from 221 employees at 55 small businesses in a large southern U.S. metropolitan area. Multi-level modeling results revealed that work-family resentment fully mediated the relation between WIF and deviance, but this mediated relationship was independent of leadership style. Unexpectedly, we found a direct effect of the three-way interaction on deviance, such that the direct WIF-deviance linkage was strongest when leaders reported being low in transformational leadership and high in transactional leadership. These results suggest that employees who work for leaders who exhibit higher levels of transactional leadership in combination with lower levels of transformational leadership may not necessarily experience higher levels of work-to-family resentment (contrary to our expectations), but may be more likely to retaliate by committing acts of deviance directed toward their organization. We discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of the empirical linkage between WIF and deviance through work-to-family resentment, and the ways leaders might mitigate detrimental effects.
Antecedents and consequences of satisfaction with work–family balance: A moderating role of perceived insider status
(Wiley Online Library, 2017-06-22) Choi, Jaepil; Kim, Andrea; Han, Kyongji; Ryu, Seongmin; Park, Jong G.; Kwon, Bora
This study developed a moderated mediation model to investigate how family-supportive paid leave and supervision affect employees' satisfaction with work–family balance and in turn their affective organizational commitment and supervisor-directed organizational citizenship behavior depending on their perceived insider status in the organization. Our analysis of data collected from 118 employee–supervisor dyads in Korean organizations revealed that satisfaction with work–family balance mediated the linkages from family-supportive supervision to affective organizational commitment and supervisor-directed organizational citizenship behavior, and the linkage from family-supportive paid leave to affective organizational commitment. Results further showed that the entire mediational process for family-supportive supervision was more pronounced for those who perceived themselves to be an insider of their organizations, while the same pattern was not found for the meditational process related to family-supportive paid leave. Our findings provide theoretical implications for work–family balance research and offer practical suggestions to make employees satisfied with work–family balance.
Antidumping tariff : the case of certain frozen fish fillets from Vietnam.
(2010-06-23T12:32:28Z) Hoang, Tram N.; Pham, Van Hoang.; Economics.; Baylor University. Dept. of Economics.
In 2003, certain catfish fillets from Vietnam were claimed as having been dumped into the United States market, causing material injuries to domestic producers, and were assessed antidumping duties in the range of 37 to 64 percent. This study analyzes the effect of antidumping duties on imports of catfish from Vietnam in terms of volume, value and price at country and firm level. Data is compiled from the Vietnam Association of Seafood Exporters and Producers, the United States Department of Agriculture, and the United States International Trade Commission. Difference-in-Difference estimation is employed and made robust to different group/time variances. The result of estimation is statistically significant in largely decreasing prices of Vietnamese catfish and volume/value of exports at firm level, but not statistically significant at country level.
Are religious schools following their principles of generosity?
(2022-04-19) Badger, William Walter, 1999-; West, James E., 1965-
One of the most pressing issues for institutions involves practicing what they preach. This is seen abundantly within religious institutions. For example, generosity is a core tenet of Christianity. This is seen in both the Old and New testaments of the Bible. Proverbs 11:25 in the Bible says that “A generous person will prosper; whoever refreshes others will be refreshed.”; and Paul says in 2 Corinthians 9:7 that “Each of you should give what you have decided in your heart to give, not reluctantly or under compulsion, for God loves a cheerful giver.” Generosity is a trait that Christians encourage in practices such as tithing as well, giving back to the church as the church gives to the poor and serves the needy. But in the question of religious universities, are they as giving as the organizations they represent? Do religious universities practice what their founders and affiliates preach?
Avoiding the issue: Disengagement coping style and the personality–CWB link
(Taylor & Francis Online, 2016-03-08) Shoss, Mindy K.; Hunter, Emily M.; Penney, Lisa M.
The current study positions coping as a motivational framework to understand why Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, and Agreeableness are related to the performance of organization- and person-directed counterproductive work behavior (CWB) when employees experience constraints at work. In particular, we hypothesized a moderated meditational model wherein individuals low in Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Emotional Stability engage in CWB because these traits contribute to a preferred style of coping with stressors (disengagement coping style) that is particularly likely to be triggered when one’s coping preferences are consistent with the coping demands of the situation. Our hypotheses were supported and point to the joint importance of personality-based coping predispositions and situational demands in determining the use of CWB as a coping strategy.
A baseline admissions prediction model with textual analysis and confidence interval estimations.
(2014-09-05) Beckham, Stephen Ryan.; Pham, Van Hoang.; Economics.; Baylor University. Dept. of Economics.
Essays submitted out individuals applying to Baylor University may contain hidden information that would assist the admissions department in their decision to accept the appicant. Through textual analysis, this paper attempted to reveal signals of a student's intent to attend Baylor if accepted as well as offering an additional platform to judge a student's ability. Both results are independent of other information gathered from the application process. The models created were found not to be strong enough to act as a stand-alone decision rule. However, the new variables created can be used in Baylor's admission model to increase its effectiveness. The groups of words in commitment, Baylor and admissions groups all prove to be influential, which can be used in other parts of the enrollment process, such as phone interviews. This paper also simulates a confidence range around yield estimates generated from the current model being used at Baylor.
Baumol’s cost disease and physician shortages: an analysis of rising healthcare expenditures from the supply side.
(2019-04-09) Wu, Qian, 1994-; Kelly, Mark C.
Over the last two decades, the U.S. experienced a stagnant supply of physicians, as well as rapidly rising healthcare expenditures. Based on a novel version of Baumol’s unbalanced growth model, this paper addresses the relationship between physician supply and healthcare expenditures. Applying a fixed-effect estimation on a panel data set consisting of 50 U.S. states over 2008-2016, we confirm the existence of Baumol’s cost disease in the healthcare sector. Besides, a negative correlation between the growth of relative physician supply and unit healthcare cost is found, which according to the theory model, implies a less-than-one substitution elasticity between physicians and non-physicians. Followingly, a translog production function is estimated using seemingly unrelated regression, obtaining a magnitude of the elasticity of substitution which is roughly 0.23. Our study shows that due to the weak substitution between two groups of healthcare workers, the physician shortage can harm healthcare productivity substantially, which further cause the healthcare price to rise dramatically.
Benefits of transformational behaviors for leaders: A daily investigation of leader behaviors and need fulfillment
(National Library of Medicine, 2016-02) Lanaj, Klodiana; Johnson, Russell E.; Lee, Stephanie M.
Although a large body of work has examined the benefits of transformational leadership, this work has predominantly focused on recipients of such behaviors. Recent research and theory, however, suggest that there are also benefits for those performing behaviors reflective of transformational leadership. Across 2 experience-sampling studies, we investigate the effects of such behaviors on actors' daily affective states. Drawing from affective events theory and self-determination theory we hypothesize and find that engaging in behaviors reflective of transformational leadership is associated with improvement in actors' daily affect, more so than engaging in behaviors reflective of transactional, consideration, initiating structure, and participative leadership. Behaviors reflective of transformational leadership improved actors' affect in part by fulfilling their daily needs. Furthermore, extraversion and neuroticism moderated these effects such that extraverts benefitted less whereas neurotics benefitted more from these behaviors in terms of affective changes. We consider the theoretical and practical implications of these findings and offer directions for future research.
Beyond the Bottom Line: Don’t Forget to Consider the Role of the Family
(SAGE Journals, 2021-07-18) Quade, Matthew J.; Wan, Maggie; Carlson, Dawn S.; Kacmar, K. Michele; Greenbaum, Rebecca L.
Our work investigates the influence of supervisor bottom-line mentality (SBLM) (i.e., a one-dimensional focus on bottom-line outcomes to the exclusion of other organizational priorities) on employees’ organizational commitment via the work-family interface as well as the crossover effects of SBLM on the organizational commitment of the employees’ spouse. More specifically, we examined how SBLM contributes to work-family conflict (WFC) and impacts the experienced commitment of the dyad along three paths. We conducted two studies across three samples (Study 1, Sample A: 186 employees; Study 1, Sample B: 258 employees; Study 2: 399 employee-spouse dyads) to demonstrate the unique role of SBLM in this context and find support for the hypothesized relationships. First, the resource drain of SBLM had a spillover effect through WFC to decrease the employee’s commitment at work. Second, it crossed over to the spouse to reduce their own organizational commitment due to the employee being a source of family undermining, which subsequently influenced the spouse’s family-work conflict (FWC). Third, SBLM impacted the spouse such that it crossed back to contribute to decreased organizational commitment for the employee. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed as well as directions for future research.
Boundary Conditions of Ethical Leadership: Exploring Supervisor-Induced and Job Hindrance Stress as Potential Inhibitors
(Springer, 2017-12-28) Quade, Matthew M.; Perry, Sara J.; Hunter, Emily M.
It is widely accepted that ethical leadership is beneficial for the organization, the leader, and followers. Yet, little has been said about potential limitations of ethical leadership, particularly boundary conditions involving the same person perceived to display ethical leadership. Drawing on conservation of resources theory, we argue that supervisor-induced hindrance stress and job hindrance stress are factors linked to the supervisor and work environment that may limit the positive impact of ethical leadership on employee deviance and turnover intentions. Specifically, we expect that high levels of hindrance stress drain resources, specifically perceptions of social support, by inhibiting the completion of work, particularly in combination with the high expectations of ethical leaders. We test our model across two time-lagged field studies (N = 310 and N = 299). Our results demonstrate that supervisor-induced hindrance stress mitigates some of the beneficial impact of ethical leadership and that job hindrance stress further strains these relationships. Overall, our results suggest that both forms of hindrance stress jointly impact the effectiveness of ethical leadership on important outcomes, and do so partly because of their influence on perceived social support. We discuss theoretical contributions to the ethical leadership and stress bodies of literature, as well as practical implications for managers and organizations wishing to develop ethical leaders.

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